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熱軋無縫鋼管與冷拔無縫鋼管是什么?有什么特點?這些知識對于我們來講,需要深入了解。今天無縫鋼管廠就來給大家分享(xiang)一下。
一、熱軋無縫鋼管與冷拔無縫鋼管是什么?
熱軋(擠壓無縫鋼管):
圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)→加(jia)熱→穿孔(kong)→三輥斜軋(ya)、連軋(ya)或(huo)擠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)→脫管(guan)(guan)(guan)→定徑(jing)(或(huo)減徑(jing))→冷(leng)(leng)卻→矯直→水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(或(huo)探傷)→標記→入(ru)庫(ku) 無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是用鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)錠或(huo)實心管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)經穿孔(kong)制成毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan),然(ran)后(hou)經熱軋(ya)、冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)或(huo)冷(leng)(leng)撥(bo)制成。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的規格用外(wai)徑(jing)*壁厚毫(hao)米(mi)數表(biao)示。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)熱軋(ya)和冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(撥(bo))無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)兩類。 熱軋(ya)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)一般鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan),低(di)(di)、中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鍋爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan),高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鍋爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、合(he)金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、不銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、石油裂化管(guan)(guan)(guan)、地質(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和其(qi)它鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(撥(bo))無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)除分(fen)一般鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、低(di)(di)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鍋爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鍋爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、合(he)金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、不銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、石油裂化管(guan)(guan)(guan)、其(qi)它鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai),還包括碳素薄壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、合(he)金薄壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、不銹薄壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、異(yi)型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。熱軋(ya)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)徑(jing)一般大于(yu)32mm,壁厚2.5-75mm,冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)處徑(jing)可(ke)以到(dao)6mm,壁厚可(ke)到(dao)0.25mm,薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)徑(jing)可(ke)到(dao)5mm壁厚小于(yu)0.25mm,冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)比(bi)熱軋(ya)尺寸精度(du)高。
一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)是(shi)用(yong)10、20、30、35、45等(deng)優質(zhi)碳(tan)結(jie)鋼(gang)16Mn、5MnV等(deng)低(di)合金結(jie)構鋼(gang)或(huo)40Cr、30CrMnSi、45Mn2、40MnB等(deng)合結(jie)鋼(gang)熱軋(ya)或(huo)冷(leng)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)。10、20等(deng)低(di)碳(tan)鋼(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)造的(de)(de)(de)無縫管(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于流體輸(shu)送(song)管(guan)道。45、40Cr等(deng)中碳(tan)鋼(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)無縫管(guan)用(yong)來制(zhi)(zhi)造機械零(ling)件,如汽車、拖拉(la)機的(de)(de)(de)受(shou)力零(ling)件。一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)要(yao)保證強度和壓(ya)扁試驗(yan)。熱軋(ya)鋼(gang)管(guan)以熱軋(ya)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)或(huo)熱處理(li)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)交(jiao)貨(huo);冷(leng)軋(ya)以熱以熱處理(li)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)交(jiao)貨(huo)。
熱軋(ya),顧(gu)名(ming)思義,軋(ya)件的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)高,因(yin)此變形(xing)抗力小,可以(yi)實現(xian)大的變形(xing)量。以(yi)鋼板的軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)例(li),一般(ban)連鑄坯厚(hou)度(du)在(zai)230mm左右(you),而經(jing)過(guo)粗(cu)軋(ya)和精軋(ya),最(zui)終厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)(wei)1~20mm。同時,由于(yu)鋼板的寬厚(hou)比小,尺寸精度(du)要求相對低,不容易出(chu)現(xian)板形(xing)問(wen)題,以(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)凸度(du)為(wei)(wei)主。對于(yu)組織有要求的,一般(ban)通過(guo)控軋(ya)控冷(leng)來實現(xian),即控制(zhi)(zhi)精軋(ya)的開軋(ya)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)、終軋(ya)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)
冷拔(軋)無縫鋼管:
圓管(guan)坯(pi)→加(jia)熱→穿孔(kong)→打頭→退火(huo)→酸(suan)洗(xi)→涂油(you)(鍍銅)→多道次冷(leng)拔(ba)(冷(leng)軋)→坯(pi)管(guan)→熱處理→矯直→水壓試驗(探傷)→標(biao)記→入庫(ku)
二、熱軋無縫鋼管與冷拔精密鋼管的特點
熱軋無縫鋼管的特點:
熱軋是相對于冷(leng)(leng)軋而言的(de),冷(leng)(leng)軋是在(zai)再結晶(jing)溫(wen)度以下(xia)(xia)進行(xing)的(de)軋制,而熱軋就是在(zai)再結晶(jing)溫(wen)度以上進行(xing)的(de)軋制。熱軋能夠損壞鋼(gang)(gang)錠的(de)鍛造安(an)排(pai),細化鋼(gang)(gang)材的(de)晶(jing)粒,并消除顯微(wei)安(an)排(pai)的(de)缺點,從(cong)而使鋼(gang)(gang)材安(an)排(pai)密(mi)實(shi),力學性(xing)(xing)能得(de)到改進。這(zhe)種改進主(zhu)要(yao)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)沿軋制方向上,從(cong)而使鋼(gang)(gang)材在(zai)必定程度上不再是各向同性(xing)(xing)體(ti);澆注時構成的(de)氣泡、裂紋和疏松,也可在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)文(wen)壓力效果(guo)下(xia)(xia)被(bei)焊合。
熱軋無縫(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)分一(yi)般鋼管(guan)(guan),低、中(zhong)壓(ya)鍋爐(lu)鋼管(guan)(guan),高壓(ya)鍋爐(lu)鋼管(guan)(guan)、合(he)金(jin)鋼管(guan)(guan)、不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)(guan)、石(shi)油裂化管(guan)(guan)、地質鋼管(guan)(guan)和其(qi)它(ta)鋼管(guan)(guan)等(deng)。
冷拔精密鋼管的特點 :
1.外徑更小。
2.精度高可做(zuo)小批量(liang)生
3.冷拔成品(pin)精度高,表面質量好(hao)。
4.鋼管(guan)橫面積更(geng)復雜。
5.鋼(gang)管性(xing)能更優越,金屬比較密。
熱軋精密鋼管后的區別 :
熱(re)軋(ya)精密(mi)鋼(gang)管用連鑄圓管坯板(ban)(ban)(ban)坯或初軋(ya)板(ban)(ban)(ban)坯作原料(liao),經(jing)步進式(shi)加熱(re)爐(lu)加熱(re),高壓水除鱗后(hou)進入粗軋(ya)機(ji),粗軋(ya)料(liao)經(jing)切頭(tou)、尾(wei)、再(zai)進入精軋(ya)機(ji),實施計算機(ji)控制軋(ya)制,終(zhong)軋(ya)后(hou)即(ji)經(jing)過(guo)層流(liu)冷卻和卷(juan)(juan)(juan)取(qu)(qu)機(ji)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)取(qu)(qu)、成(cheng)為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發卷(juan)(juan)(juan)的頭(tou)、尾(wei)往往呈舌狀及魚尾(wei)狀,厚度、寬度精度較差,邊(bian)部常存(cun)在浪形、折邊(bian)、塔形等(deng)缺陷。其卷(juan)(juan)(juan)重(zhong)較重(zhong)、鋼(gang)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)內(nei)徑為760mm。將直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發卷(juan)(juan)(juan)經(jing)切頭(tou)、切尾(wei)、切邊(bian)及多道次的矯直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、平(ping)整等(deng)精整線處理后(hou),再(zai)切板(ban)(ban)(ban)或重(zhong)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),即(ji)成(cheng)為:熱(re)軋(ya)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、平(ping)整熱(re)軋(ya)鋼(gang)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、縱切帶等(deng)產品。熱(re)軋(ya)精整卷(juan)(juan)(juan)若經(jing)酸洗(xi)去除氧(yang)化(hua)皮并涂油(you)后(hou)即(ji)成(cheng)熱(re)軋(ya)酸洗(xi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。
三、熱軋無縫鋼管每米重量表
壁 厚(毫米) | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 6 | 6.5 | 7 | 7.5 |
徑(毫米) | 理 論 重 量 (公斤/米) | ||||||||||
32 | 1.82 | 2.15 | 2.46 | 2.76 | 3.05 | 3.33 | 3.59 | 3.85 | 4.09 | 4.32 | 4.53 |
38 | 2.19 | 2.59 | 2.98 | 3.35 | 3.72 | 4.07 | 4.41 | 4.74 | 5.05 | 5.35 | 5.64 |
42 | 2.44 | 2.89 | 3.35 | 3.75 | 4.16 | 4.56 | 4.95 | 5.33 | 5.69 | 6.04 | 6.38 |
45 | 2.62 | 3.11 | 3.58 | 4.04 | 4.49 | 4.93 | 5.36 | 5.77 | 6.17 | 6.56 | 6.94 |
50 | 2.93 | 3.48 | 4.01 | 4.54 | 5.05 | 5.55 | 6.04 | 6.51 | 6.97 | 7.42 | 7.86 |
54 | - | 3.77 | 4.36 | 4.93 | 5.49 | 6.04 | 6.58 | 7.1 | 7.61 | 8.11 | 8.6 |
57 | - | 4 | 4.62 | 5.23 | 5.83 | 6.41 | 6.99 | 7.55 | 8.1 | 8.63 | 9.16 |
60 | - | 4.22 | 4.88 | 5.52 | 6.16 | 6.78 | 7.39 | 7.99 | 8.58 | 9.15 | 9.71 |
63.5 | - | 4.48 | 5.18 | 5.87 | 6.55 | 7.21 | 7.87 | 8.51 | 9.14 | 9.75 | 10.36 |
68 | - | 4.81 | 5.57 | 6.31 | 7.05 | 7.77 | 8.48 | 9.17 | 9.86 | 10.53 | 11.19 |
70 | - | 4.96 | 5.74 | 6.51 | 7.27 | 8.01 | 8.75 | 9.47 | 10.18 | 10.88 | 11.56 |
73 | - | 5.18 | 6 | 6.81 | 7.6 | 8.38 | 9.16 | 9.91 | 10.66 | 11.39 | 12.11 |
76 | - | 5.4 | 6.26 | 7.1 | 7.93 | 8.75 | 9.56 | 10.36 | 11.14 | 11.91 | 12.67 |
83 | - | - | 6.86 | 7.79 | 8.71 | 9.62 | 10.51 | 11.39 | 12.26 | 13.12 | 13.96 |
89 | - | - | 7.38 | 8.38 | 9.38 | 10.36 | 11.33 | 12.28 | 13.22 | 14.16 | 15.07 |
95 | - | - | 7.9 | 8.98 | 10.04 | 11.1 | 12.14 | 13.17 | 14.19 | 15.19 | 16.18 |
102 | - | - | 8.5 | 9.67 | 10.82 | 11.96 | 13.09 | 14.21 | 15.31 | 16.4 | 17.48 |
108 | - | - | - | 10.26 | 11.49 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 15.09 | 16.27 | 17.44 | 18.59 |
114 | - | - | - | 10.85 | 12.15 | 13.44 | 14.72 | 15.98 | 17.23 | 18.47 | 19.7 |